With the increasing pressure on methyl bromide use as a phytosanitary treatment, horticultural industries need alternative non-chemical disinfestation tools to maintain and improve market access. X-ray ionizing radiation is a postharvest treatment with internationally accepted standards under the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). With the disinfestation capability of the technology well established, it is important to determine the impact of X-ray treatment on product quality. In collaboration with the United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Services (USDA-ARS) in Hawaii, we examined the potential use of X-ray as a phytosanitary treatment for New Zealand apples for two key pests-apple leaf curling midge (ALCM) and codling moth (CM). Over 4 years, we examined the effect of a range of X-ray doses across six key New Zealand apple cultivars. Key postharvest variables examined were fruit storage time before and after X-ray. The results showed no significant impact on the external appearance, soluble solids content, weight loss or colour of the fruit. A minor decrease in titratable acidity and fruit softening was observed and X-ray treatment was found to induce significant internal browning in only one cultivar for some longer pre-X-ray treatment storage scenarios. The impact of X-ray treatment on apple fruit quality is presented. Overall, the results showed X-ray technology could be a viable phytosanitary tool for the New Zealand apple industry controlling ALCM and CM.